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adopted in this paper

  • 1 делать похожим на

    Делать похожим на-- The definition of m adopted in this paper makes m akin to the eccentricity ratio (О).

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > делать похожим на

  • 2 определение, принятое в настоящей статье

    Определение, принятое в настоящей статье-- The definition of m adopted in this paper makes m akin to the eccentricity ratio (e).

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > определение, принятое в настоящей статье

  • 3 dinámico

    adj.
    dynamic, energetic.
    * * *
    1 dynamic
    * * *
    (f. - dinámica)
    adj.
    * * *
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo dynamic
    * * *
    = aggressive, dynamic, brisk [brisker -comp., briskest -sup.], fluid, proactive [pro-active], time-dependent, organic, dynamical, time-variant, vibrant, breezy [breezier -comp., breeziest -sup.], spry [spryer comp., spryest -sup.], sprightly [sprightlier -comp., sprightliest -sup.], fast and furious, energetic.
    Ex. During his tenure, OSU was recognized for the aggressive approach the library staff adopted with respect to publicizing OSU's many bibliographical services and encouraging patrons' use of them.
    Ex. A data base must respond to a dynamic reality in which terms, 'strain, crack and sometimes break under the burden, under the tension, slip, slide, perish, decay with imprecision, will not stay in place, will not stay still'.
    Ex. The classic example quoted by Jourard is the brisk, super-efficient nurse, whose manner appears to be something that she puts on when she dons her uniform.
    Ex. Literary language is vital, shifting, fluid; it looks constantly for new structures, new combinations that create new meanings.
    Ex. Compiling information of this nature requires a proactive and not a reactive approach to the task.
    Ex. This paper studies time-dependent (dynamical) aspects of scientific activities, as expressed in research publications.
    Ex. Innovation in organisations is a continuous and organic process.
    Ex. This paper studies time-dependent ( dynamical) aspects of scientific activities, as expressed in research publications.
    Ex. A data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, nonvolatile collection of data in support of management's decision making process.
    Ex. All these issues were successfully addressed by rearranging study, reference, and stack areas and enclosing a small office to create a more vibrant, reference oriented library environment.
    Ex. This knowing sequel to the breezy glamor of 'Ocean's Eleven' provides more thieves, more heists, more twists, more locations, and more playfulness than the original.
    Ex. A spry 80 years young, Virginia has been painting murals for the last 50 years and a lot can be said for the advantages of experience.
    Ex. He was described as a ' sprightly nonagenarian' who was born in 1905.
    Ex. The pace was fast and furious and the noise was non-stop.
    Ex. She has been a vital and energetic voice in the movement to increase the sensitivity and responsibility of libraries to social issues, as well as a first-rate cataloger.
    ----
    * dinámica de trabajo = workflow [work flow].
    * dinámica social = social dynamics.
    * entrar en la dinámica = enter + the fray.
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo dynamic
    * * *
    = aggressive, dynamic, brisk [brisker -comp., briskest -sup.], fluid, proactive [pro-active], time-dependent, organic, dynamical, time-variant, vibrant, breezy [breezier -comp., breeziest -sup.], spry [spryer comp., spryest -sup.], sprightly [sprightlier -comp., sprightliest -sup.], fast and furious, energetic.

    Ex: During his tenure, OSU was recognized for the aggressive approach the library staff adopted with respect to publicizing OSU's many bibliographical services and encouraging patrons' use of them.

    Ex: A data base must respond to a dynamic reality in which terms, 'strain, crack and sometimes break under the burden, under the tension, slip, slide, perish, decay with imprecision, will not stay in place, will not stay still'.
    Ex: The classic example quoted by Jourard is the brisk, super-efficient nurse, whose manner appears to be something that she puts on when she dons her uniform.
    Ex: Literary language is vital, shifting, fluid; it looks constantly for new structures, new combinations that create new meanings.
    Ex: Compiling information of this nature requires a proactive and not a reactive approach to the task.
    Ex: This paper studies time-dependent (dynamical) aspects of scientific activities, as expressed in research publications.
    Ex: Innovation in organisations is a continuous and organic process.
    Ex: This paper studies time-dependent ( dynamical) aspects of scientific activities, as expressed in research publications.
    Ex: A data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, nonvolatile collection of data in support of management's decision making process.
    Ex: All these issues were successfully addressed by rearranging study, reference, and stack areas and enclosing a small office to create a more vibrant, reference oriented library environment.
    Ex: This knowing sequel to the breezy glamor of 'Ocean's Eleven' provides more thieves, more heists, more twists, more locations, and more playfulness than the original.
    Ex: A spry 80 years young, Virginia has been painting murals for the last 50 years and a lot can be said for the advantages of experience.
    Ex: He was described as a ' sprightly nonagenarian' who was born in 1905.
    Ex: The pace was fast and furious and the noise was non-stop.
    Ex: She has been a vital and energetic voice in the movement to increase the sensitivity and responsibility of libraries to social issues, as well as a first-rate cataloger.
    * dinámica de trabajo = workflow [work flow].
    * dinámica social = social dynamics.
    * entrar en la dinámica = enter + the fray.

    * * *
    dynamic
    * * *

    dinámico
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    dynamic
    dinámico,-a adjetivo dynamic

    ' dinámico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    dinámica
    English:
    aggressive
    - brisk
    - dynamic
    - breezy
    - high
    - spry
    * * *
    dinámico, -a adj
    1. [del movimiento, la dinámica] dynamic
    2. [activo] dynamic;
    necesitamos ejecutivos dinámicos y emprendedores we need dynamic and enterprising executives
    * * *
    adj fig
    dynamic
    * * *
    dinámico, -ca adj
    : dynamic
    * * *
    dinámico adj dynamic

    Spanish-English dictionary > dinámico

  • 4 llevar a juicio

    (v.) = prosecute, sue, file + suit against, bring + a suit against, litigate, bring + criminal charges against, file + lawsuit against, take + Nombre + to court, bring + Nombre + to justice, put on + trial, try
    Ex. Enter the official proceedings and records of criminal trial, impeachment, courts-martial, etc., under the heading for the person or body prosecuted.
    Ex. Given the increasing frequency frequency of lawsuits brought against all kinds of institutions and individuals, libraries and librarians should not assume that they are immune against being sued.
    Ex. In June '90, DIALOG Information services filed an antitrust suit against the American Chemical Society (ACS) charging that the Society had damaged the company.
    Ex. How does one bring a harassment suit against one's employer?.
    Ex. The resources provided are to assist the personal injury attorneys litigating medical malpractice claims.
    Ex. Criminal charges are to be brought against 3 people after the seizure of counterfeit copies of British Telecom's PhoneDisc, a CD-ROM database containing the company's 100 or so telephone directories.
    Ex. This paper details the attempt by Boston University to strike back at such agencies by filing a lawsuit against Internet term paper companies in the USA.
    Ex. Many school districts have adopted a hard-line approach to reducing unexcused absenteeism; in one such district, truancy rates were reduced 45 percent when truants and their parents were taken to court.
    Ex. He was an Israeli undercover agent who captured and brought to justice many Nazi war criminals.
    Ex. Socrates was put on trial for corrupting the youth of Athens and condemned to death by drinking the poision hemlock.
    Ex. The Government is now trying him on criminal charges for allegedly misleading officials early in the investigation.
    * * *
    (v.) = prosecute, sue, file + suit against, bring + a suit against, litigate, bring + criminal charges against, file + lawsuit against, take + Nombre + to court, bring + Nombre + to justice, put on + trial, try

    Ex: Enter the official proceedings and records of criminal trial, impeachment, courts-martial, etc., under the heading for the person or body prosecuted.

    Ex: Given the increasing frequency frequency of lawsuits brought against all kinds of institutions and individuals, libraries and librarians should not assume that they are immune against being sued.
    Ex: In June '90, DIALOG Information services filed an antitrust suit against the American Chemical Society (ACS) charging that the Society had damaged the company.
    Ex: How does one bring a harassment suit against one's employer?.
    Ex: The resources provided are to assist the personal injury attorneys litigating medical malpractice claims.
    Ex: Criminal charges are to be brought against 3 people after the seizure of counterfeit copies of British Telecom's PhoneDisc, a CD-ROM database containing the company's 100 or so telephone directories.
    Ex: This paper details the attempt by Boston University to strike back at such agencies by filing a lawsuit against Internet term paper companies in the USA.
    Ex: Many school districts have adopted a hard-line approach to reducing unexcused absenteeism; in one such district, truancy rates were reduced 45 percent when truants and their parents were taken to court.
    Ex: He was an Israeli undercover agent who captured and brought to justice many Nazi war criminals.
    Ex: Socrates was put on trial for corrupting the youth of Athens and condemned to death by drinking the poision hemlock.
    Ex: The Government is now trying him on criminal charges for allegedly misleading officials early in the investigation.

    Spanish-English dictionary > llevar a juicio

  • 5 enfrentarse a un problema

    (v.) = challenge + threat, confront + question, cope with + problem, face + problem, confront + problem, come up against + problem, experience + problem, struggle with + issue, wrestle with + problem, deal with + issue
    Ex. This paper considers two areas in UK librarianship in which action might serve to challenge these threats.
    Ex. The National Archives confronted the difficult question of how burgeoning electronic records should be appraised.
    Ex. This article looks at one method, adopted by the Sheppard Memorial Library, Greenville, North Caroline, to cope with the problem of overdue books.
    Ex. They both face the problems presented in attempting to provide a system for the classification of all areas of knowledge.
    Ex. This article outlines some of the problems which confronted students attempting to master the skills of back-of-book indexing.
    Ex. All in all, research at the school has the same characteristics and comes up against the same problems as any other research conducted in the library and information sciences.
    Ex. While it is useful to know the areas in which problems might be experienced by a community, it is vital that each disadvantaged community be assessed individually.
    Ex. Libraries continue to struggle with issues created by the shift to electronic scholarly publishing.
    Ex. Libraries and other institutions currently have little or no guidance from their legislators as they wrestle with the problems related to Internet use.
    Ex. Libraries want to deal with issues on their own terms and not on the terms of their clients.
    * * *
    (v.) = challenge + threat, confront + question, cope with + problem, face + problem, confront + problem, come up against + problem, experience + problem, struggle with + issue, wrestle with + problem, deal with + issue

    Ex: This paper considers two areas in UK librarianship in which action might serve to challenge these threats.

    Ex: The National Archives confronted the difficult question of how burgeoning electronic records should be appraised.
    Ex: This article looks at one method, adopted by the Sheppard Memorial Library, Greenville, North Caroline, to cope with the problem of overdue books.
    Ex: They both face the problems presented in attempting to provide a system for the classification of all areas of knowledge.
    Ex: This article outlines some of the problems which confronted students attempting to master the skills of back-of-book indexing.
    Ex: All in all, research at the school has the same characteristics and comes up against the same problems as any other research conducted in the library and information sciences.
    Ex: While it is useful to know the areas in which problems might be experienced by a community, it is vital that each disadvantaged community be assessed individually.
    Ex: Libraries continue to struggle with issues created by the shift to electronic scholarly publishing.
    Ex: Libraries and other institutions currently have little or no guidance from their legislators as they wrestle with the problems related to Internet use.
    Ex: Libraries want to deal with issues on their own terms and not on the terms of their clients.

    Spanish-English dictionary > enfrentarse a un problema

  • 6 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 7 взгляд

    view, glance, point of view, look
    • Бросим краткий взгляд на... - Let us look briefly at...
    • Важно иметь реальный взгляд на... - It is essential to have a realistic view of...
    • Возможно, что полезно бросить взгляд на... - It is probably useful to look at...
    • Давайте бросим взгляд на... - Let us take a look at...
    • На первый взгляд кажется, что... - At first sight it appears that...
    • На первый взгляд это кажется безнадежно сложным. - At first sight this seems hopelessly complicated.
    • На первый взгляд могло бы показаться, что... - At first sight, it might appear that...
    • На первый взгляд это могло бы показаться несколько странным, потому что... - At first sight this may seem somewhat surprising because...
    • Принятый в данной книге взгляд состоит в том, что... - The viewpoint adopted in this book is that...
    • С первого взгляда могло бы показаться, что... - It would seem at first sight that...
    • С первого взгляда мы могли бы ожидать... - At first sight we might expect...
    • Эта статья предлагает новый взгляд на... - This paper provides a new viewpoint on...
    • Эти результаты также поддерживают тот взгляд, что... - The results also lend support to the view that...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > взгляд

  • 8 buscar

    v.
    1 to look.
    2 to look for.
    estoy buscando trabajo I'm looking for work
    se fue a buscar fortuna a América he went to seek his fortune in America
    María busca su bolso Mary looks for her purse.
    3 to look up.
    Busca esa palabra en el diccionario Look up that word in the dictionary.
    4 to search for (computing).
    El detective buscó incansablemente The detective searched tirelessly.
    5 to push, to try the patience of (informal) (provocar).
    buscar bronca/camorra to look for trouble
    6 to pick up.
    voy a buscar el periódico I'm going for the paper o to get the paper
    ir a buscar a alguien to pick somebody up
    pasará a buscarnos a las nueve she'll pick us up at nine
    7 to seek to, to attempt to, to try to, to try how to.
    Ese plan busca destruirnos That plan seeks to destroy us.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ SACAR], like link=sacar sacar
    1 (gen) to look for, search for
    2 (en lista, índice etc) to look up
    3 (ir a coger) to go and get, fetch
    ■ busca un médico, ¡rápido! fetch a doctor, quick!
    4 (recoger) to pick up
    ■ iré a buscarte a la estación I'll pick you up at the station, I'll meet you at the station
    5 (intentar conseguir) to try to achieve
    1 (mirar) to look
    \
    buscársela familiar to be looking for trouble
    buscarse la vida familiar to try and earn one's living
    'Se busca...' "... wanted"
    * * *
    verb
    1) to look for, seek
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=tratar de encontrar)
    a) [+ persona, objeto perdido, trabajo] to look for

    llevo meses buscando trabajo — I've been job-hunting for months, I've been looking for a job for months

    el ejército busca a un comando enemigo — the army is searching for o looking for an enemy commando unit

    "se busca piso" — "flat wanted"

    "chico busca chica" — "boy seeks girl"

    b) [en diccionario, enciclopedia] to look up
    c) [con la vista] to try to spot, look for

    lo busqué entre el público pero no lo vi — I tried to spot him o looked for him in the crowd but I didn't see him

    2) (=tratar de conseguir) [+ solución] to try to find

    • buscar excusas — to make excuses

    • buscar hacer algo — to seek to do sth, try to do sth

    siempre buscaba hacerlo lo mejor posible — she always sought o tried to do the best possible thing

    • ir a buscar algo/a algn, ha ido a buscar una servilleta — she's gone to fetch o get a napkin

    ve a buscar a tu madre — go and fetch o get your mother

    vino buscando pelea — he was looking for trouble o a fight, he was spoiling for a fight *

    3) (=recoger) to pick up, fetch

    ¿vais a ir a buscarme a la estación? — are you going to pick me up o fetch me from the station?

    4) (Inform) to search
    5) (=preguntar por) to ask for

    ¿quién me busca? — who is asking for me?

    2.

    ya puedes dejar de buscar, aquí tienes las llaves — you can stop looking, here are the keys

    ¿has buscado bien? — have you looked properly?

    ¡busca! — [al perro] fetch!

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <persona/objeto> to look for; <fama/fortuna> to seek; <trabajo/apartamento/solución> to look for, try to find

    la policía lo está buscando — the police are looking for him, he's wanted by the police

    b) (en libro, lista) to look up
    2)
    a) ( recoger) to collect, pick up
    b) ( conseguir y traer) to get

    fue a buscar un médico/un taxi — he went to get a doctor/a taxi

    3)

    ¿qué buscas con eso? — what are you trying to achieve by that?

    buscar + inf — to try to + inf, set out to + inf

    el libro busca destruir ese mito — the book sets out o tries o attempts to explode that myth

    b) ( provocar) <bronca/camorra> to look for
    2.
    buscar vi to look

    busca en el cajón — look o have a look in the drawer

    ¿has buscado bien? — have you looked properly?

    el que busca encuentra or busca y encontrarás — seek and ye shall find

    3.
    buscarse v pron
    1) ( intentar encontrar) to look for
    2) < problemas>

    no quiero buscarme complicaciones/problemas — I don't want any trouble

    tú te lo has buscado — you've brought it on yourself, it serves you right

    buscársela(s) — (fam)

    te la estás buscando — you're asking for trouble, you're asking for it (colloq)

    * * *
    = chase, dig out, dig up, find, hunt, investigate, locate, look for, look out, look under, look up, probe for, prowl through, search (for), seek (after), seek out, trace, track, trawl, burrow through, woo, root out, look out for, go for, look (a)round, fish (for), track down, jockey for, search out, line up, check for, forage, perform + search.
    Ex. Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.
    Ex. I would also have dug out information references to which readers can be directed who want to know more about the setting.
    Ex. The list of changed headings is almost literally endless if you have the patience to dig them all up.
    Ex. The command function ' FIND' is used to input a search term.
    Ex. Nonetheless, we would still not wish to hunt through the file in order to change all subdivisions of that heading.
    Ex. Kaiser also investigated the effect of grouping subheadings of a subject.
    Ex. This order suffices for a list whose purpose is to identify and locate documents, whose bibliographic details are already known.
    Ex. A user might start by looking for a map of London, when he really wants a map of Camden.
    Ex. Discovering these tales, looking out printed versions and comparing them with the oral tradition would have introduced us step by step into the rich lode of folklore.
    Ex. In a printed catalogue or index a user is constrained to look under the headings in the catalogue.
    Ex. If so, the call number of the document is looked up and displayed.
    Ex. No one complained about Duff to her, and she decided not to probe for discontents.
    Ex. A user searching for Smith's 'History as Argument' who was not sure under which subject it would be entered, would have to prowl through a huge number of cards in a card catalog to find the entry under SMITH.
    Ex. This access is achieved by organising the tools so that a user may search under a specific access point or heading or index term, for example, subject term, author, name, title, date.
    Ex. A popular book will always be sought after by public librarians.
    Ex. Her article urges librarians not to buy inferior biographies simply to fill gaps in their collections but to seek out the best of the genre.
    Ex. The author approach remains an important means of tracing a specific document.
    Ex. The index fields are used for tracking annual indexes.
    Ex. The Internet search engines, such as AltaVista and Excite, send out robots or Web crawlers to trawl the Internet and automatically index the files that they find.
    Ex. This article explains how to use gophers to burrow through the Internet.
    Ex. Rumour had it that he was being wooed by Technicomm, Inc.
    Ex. The article has the title ' Rooting out journals on the Net'.
    Ex. Panellists presented the criteria they adopted and features they looked out for when selecting a library automation system.
    Ex. In an exclusive conversation Gates reveals where he goes for information knowledge, insights and ideas.
    Ex. One has only to look around in bookshops to see how many paperbacks on show have film or TV links.
    Ex. The article 'Catfish ain't ugly' reviews the range of Web sites providing information about the catfish in the USA and places to go to fish for catfish.
    Ex. In stepping away from the genre's glamorous robberies and flashy lifestyle, this stealthy, potent movie tracks down the British gangster icon to its inevitable end.
    Ex. Librarians are not yet very successful in jockeying for position and power in the political world.
    Ex. On any one occasion there will always be children who do not want to borrow or buy, but they are still learning to live with books and how to search out the ones that interest them.
    Ex. The actress flaked out again and the director is trying to line up a replacement.
    Ex. This was important before computers were invented, when calculations were all done by hand, and also were done repeatedly to check for calculation errors.
    Ex. We both woke up bright and early to forage for food nearby, which was a breeze.
    Ex. When viewing a record, you can also display its references and perform citation searches directly from the reference display.
    ----
    * buscando = in search of.
    * buscando como loco = in hot pursuit of.
    * buscar amparo = seek + shelter.
    * buscar apoyo = line up + support.
    * buscar a tientas = grope (for/toward).
    * buscar a través de los índices = browse.
    * buscar ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.
    * buscar cobijo = seek + shelter.
    * buscar con ahínco = look + hard.
    * buscar detenidamente = look + hard.
    * buscar el apoyo de = woo.
    * buscar el camino = wind + Posesivo + way.
    * buscar el modo de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.
    * buscar el origen de = trace + the origin of.
    * buscar el origen de la relación entre = trace + the relationship between.
    * buscar el peligro = court + danger, flirt with + danger.
    * buscar empleo = seek + employment.
    * buscar en = sift through, search through.
    * buscar en Google = google.
    * buscar en las posas entre las rocas de la orilla = rock-pool.
    * buscar en otro sitio = go + elsewhere.
    * buscar entre la basura = scavenge.
    * buscar en varios + Nombre + a la vez = search across + Nombre.
    * buscar información = mine + information, seek + information.
    * buscar interiormente = probe + Reflexivo + for.
    * buscar la controversia = court + controversy.
    * buscar la fama = grab at + a headline.
    * buscar la forma de = look for + ways to.
    * buscar la forma de + Infinitivo = develop + way of + Gerundio.
    * buscar la identidad de uno = trace + Posesivo + identity.
    * buscar la manera de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.
    * buscar la noticia = grab at + a headline.
    * buscar la oportunidad = make + an opportunity.
    * buscar la protección de = burrow back into.
    * buscarle cinco pies al gato = split + hairs.
    * buscarle los tres pies al gato = nitpick.
    * buscarle tres pies al gato = split + hairs.
    * buscar los servicios de = engage.
    * buscar material = pursue + material.
    * buscar oro = pan for + gold.
    * buscar placer = seek + pleasure.
    * buscar por autor y título = search by + name-title key.
    * buscar por título = search by + title key.
    * buscar por todas partes = scour + Nombre + for.
    * buscar por todo el mundo = search + the world (over).
    * buscar por todo + Nombre = search across + Nombre.
    * buscar problemas = ask for + trouble, court + disaster, make + trouble.
    * buscar razones que expliquen Algo = ascribe + reasons to.
    * buscar refugio = seek + shelter.
    * buscar satisfacción = seek + satisfaction.
    * buscárselo = have it + coming.
    * buscar simultáneamente en varios sitios = cross-search [cross search].
    * buscar solución = seek + solution.
    * buscar trabajo = seek + employment.
    * buscar trabajo en la calle = work + the streets.
    * buscar una forma de hacer Algo = develop + way + to make + Nombre, develop + way + to make + Nombre.
    * buscar una oportunidad = look for + an opportunity.
    * buscar una respuesta = pursue + answer.
    * buscar una solución = contrive + solution.
    * buscar y encontrar = match.
    * en busca de quimeras = in pursuit of + windmills.
    * encargado de buscar a los alumnos que hacen novillos = truant officer.
    * en el que se puede buscar = searchable.
    * estar siempre buscando = be on the lookout for.
    * hallar lo buscado = achieve + match.
    * mandar a buscar = send for.
    * no buscarle las pulgas al perro = let + sleeping dogs lie.
    * no poderse buscar = be unsearchable.
    * peinar en busca de = scour + Nombre + for.
    * que busca el beneficio propio = self-serving.
    * que se puede buscar = searchable.
    * respuesta + buscar = answer + lie.
    * saber buscar con inteligencia = be search-savvy.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <persona/objeto> to look for; <fama/fortuna> to seek; <trabajo/apartamento/solución> to look for, try to find

    la policía lo está buscando — the police are looking for him, he's wanted by the police

    b) (en libro, lista) to look up
    2)
    a) ( recoger) to collect, pick up
    b) ( conseguir y traer) to get

    fue a buscar un médico/un taxi — he went to get a doctor/a taxi

    3)

    ¿qué buscas con eso? — what are you trying to achieve by that?

    buscar + inf — to try to + inf, set out to + inf

    el libro busca destruir ese mito — the book sets out o tries o attempts to explode that myth

    b) ( provocar) <bronca/camorra> to look for
    2.
    buscar vi to look

    busca en el cajón — look o have a look in the drawer

    ¿has buscado bien? — have you looked properly?

    el que busca encuentra or busca y encontrarás — seek and ye shall find

    3.
    buscarse v pron
    1) ( intentar encontrar) to look for
    2) < problemas>

    no quiero buscarme complicaciones/problemas — I don't want any trouble

    tú te lo has buscado — you've brought it on yourself, it serves you right

    buscársela(s) — (fam)

    te la estás buscando — you're asking for trouble, you're asking for it (colloq)

    * * *
    = chase, dig out, dig up, find, hunt, investigate, locate, look for, look out, look under, look up, probe for, prowl through, search (for), seek (after), seek out, trace, track, trawl, burrow through, woo, root out, look out for, go for, look (a)round, fish (for), track down, jockey for, search out, line up, check for, forage, perform + search.

    Ex: Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.

    Ex: I would also have dug out information references to which readers can be directed who want to know more about the setting.
    Ex: The list of changed headings is almost literally endless if you have the patience to dig them all up.
    Ex: The command function ' FIND' is used to input a search term.
    Ex: Nonetheless, we would still not wish to hunt through the file in order to change all subdivisions of that heading.
    Ex: Kaiser also investigated the effect of grouping subheadings of a subject.
    Ex: This order suffices for a list whose purpose is to identify and locate documents, whose bibliographic details are already known.
    Ex: A user might start by looking for a map of London, when he really wants a map of Camden.
    Ex: Discovering these tales, looking out printed versions and comparing them with the oral tradition would have introduced us step by step into the rich lode of folklore.
    Ex: In a printed catalogue or index a user is constrained to look under the headings in the catalogue.
    Ex: If so, the call number of the document is looked up and displayed.
    Ex: No one complained about Duff to her, and she decided not to probe for discontents.
    Ex: A user searching for Smith's 'History as Argument' who was not sure under which subject it would be entered, would have to prowl through a huge number of cards in a card catalog to find the entry under SMITH.
    Ex: This access is achieved by organising the tools so that a user may search under a specific access point or heading or index term, for example, subject term, author, name, title, date.
    Ex: A popular book will always be sought after by public librarians.
    Ex: Her article urges librarians not to buy inferior biographies simply to fill gaps in their collections but to seek out the best of the genre.
    Ex: The author approach remains an important means of tracing a specific document.
    Ex: The index fields are used for tracking annual indexes.
    Ex: The Internet search engines, such as AltaVista and Excite, send out robots or Web crawlers to trawl the Internet and automatically index the files that they find.
    Ex: This article explains how to use gophers to burrow through the Internet.
    Ex: Rumour had it that he was being wooed by Technicomm, Inc.
    Ex: The article has the title ' Rooting out journals on the Net'.
    Ex: Panellists presented the criteria they adopted and features they looked out for when selecting a library automation system.
    Ex: In an exclusive conversation Gates reveals where he goes for information knowledge, insights and ideas.
    Ex: One has only to look around in bookshops to see how many paperbacks on show have film or TV links.
    Ex: The article 'Catfish ain't ugly' reviews the range of Web sites providing information about the catfish in the USA and places to go to fish for catfish.
    Ex: In stepping away from the genre's glamorous robberies and flashy lifestyle, this stealthy, potent movie tracks down the British gangster icon to its inevitable end.
    Ex: Librarians are not yet very successful in jockeying for position and power in the political world.
    Ex: On any one occasion there will always be children who do not want to borrow or buy, but they are still learning to live with books and how to search out the ones that interest them.
    Ex: The actress flaked out again and the director is trying to line up a replacement.
    Ex: This was important before computers were invented, when calculations were all done by hand, and also were done repeatedly to check for calculation errors.
    Ex: We both woke up bright and early to forage for food nearby, which was a breeze.
    Ex: When viewing a record, you can also display its references and perform citation searches directly from the reference display.
    * buscando = in search of.
    * buscando como loco = in hot pursuit of.
    * buscar amparo = seek + shelter.
    * buscar apoyo = line up + support.
    * buscar a tientas = grope (for/toward).
    * buscar a través de los índices = browse.
    * buscar ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.
    * buscar cobijo = seek + shelter.
    * buscar con ahínco = look + hard.
    * buscar detenidamente = look + hard.
    * buscar el apoyo de = woo.
    * buscar el camino = wind + Posesivo + way.
    * buscar el modo de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.
    * buscar el origen de = trace + the origin of.
    * buscar el origen de la relación entre = trace + the relationship between.
    * buscar el peligro = court + danger, flirt with + danger.
    * buscar empleo = seek + employment.
    * buscar en = sift through, search through.
    * buscar en Google = google.
    * buscar en las posas entre las rocas de la orilla = rock-pool.
    * buscar en otro sitio = go + elsewhere.
    * buscar entre la basura = scavenge.
    * buscar en varios + Nombre + a la vez = search across + Nombre.
    * buscar información = mine + information, seek + information.
    * buscar interiormente = probe + Reflexivo + for.
    * buscar la controversia = court + controversy.
    * buscar la fama = grab at + a headline.
    * buscar la forma de = look for + ways to.
    * buscar la forma de + Infinitivo = develop + way of + Gerundio.
    * buscar la identidad de uno = trace + Posesivo + identity.
    * buscar la manera de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.
    * buscar la noticia = grab at + a headline.
    * buscar la oportunidad = make + an opportunity.
    * buscar la protección de = burrow back into.
    * buscarle cinco pies al gato = split + hairs.
    * buscarle los tres pies al gato = nitpick.
    * buscarle tres pies al gato = split + hairs.
    * buscar los servicios de = engage.
    * buscar material = pursue + material.
    * buscar oro = pan for + gold.
    * buscar placer = seek + pleasure.
    * buscar por autor y título = search by + name-title key.
    * buscar por título = search by + title key.
    * buscar por todas partes = scour + Nombre + for.
    * buscar por todo el mundo = search + the world (over).
    * buscar por todo + Nombre = search across + Nombre.
    * buscar problemas = ask for + trouble, court + disaster, make + trouble.
    * buscar razones que expliquen Algo = ascribe + reasons to.
    * buscar refugio = seek + shelter.
    * buscar satisfacción = seek + satisfaction.
    * buscárselo = have it + coming.
    * buscar simultáneamente en varios sitios = cross-search [cross search].
    * buscar solución = seek + solution.
    * buscar trabajo = seek + employment.
    * buscar trabajo en la calle = work + the streets.
    * buscar una forma de hacer Algo = develop + way + to make + Nombre, develop + way + to make + Nombre.
    * buscar una oportunidad = look for + an opportunity.
    * buscar una respuesta = pursue + answer.
    * buscar una solución = contrive + solution.
    * buscar y encontrar = match.
    * en busca de quimeras = in pursuit of + windmills.
    * encargado de buscar a los alumnos que hacen novillos = truant officer.
    * en el que se puede buscar = searchable.
    * estar siempre buscando = be on the lookout for.
    * hallar lo buscado = achieve + match.
    * mandar a buscar = send for.
    * no buscarle las pulgas al perro = let + sleeping dogs lie.
    * no poderse buscar = be unsearchable.
    * peinar en busca de = scour + Nombre + for.
    * que busca el beneficio propio = self-serving.
    * que se puede buscar = searchable.
    * respuesta + buscar = answer + lie.
    * saber buscar con inteligencia = be search-savvy.

    * * *
    buscar [A2 ]
    vt
    1 ‹persona/objeto› to look for; ‹fama/fortuna› to seek; ‹trabajo/apartamento› to look for, try to find; ‹solución› to look for, try to find
    lo he buscado en or por todas partes I've looked o searched for it everywhere
    no trates de buscar excusas don't try to make excuses
    la policía lo está buscando the police are looking for him, he's wanted by the police
    [ S ] se busca wanted
    los hombres como él sólo buscan una cosa men like him are only after one thing ( colloq)
    te buscan en la portería someone is asking for you at reception
    las flores buscan la luz flowers grow towards the light
    la buscaba con la mirada or los ojos he was trying to spot her
    está buscando la oportunidad de vengarse he's looking for a chance to get his own back ( colloq)
    busca una manera más fácil de hacerlo try and find an easier way of doing it
    2 (en un libro, una lista) to look up
    busca el número en la guía look up the number in the directory
    B
    1 (recoger) to collect, pick up
    fuimos a buscarlo al aeropuerto we went to pick him up from o fetch him from o collect him from o meet him at the airport
    vengo a buscar mis cosas I've come to collect o pick up my things
    fue a buscar un médico he went to get a doctor, he fetched a doctor
    salió a buscar un taxi/el pan he went to get a taxi/the bread
    sube a buscarme las tijeras go up and get me o bring me o fetch me the scissors
    C
    1
    (intentar conseguir): una ley que busca la igualdad de (los) sexos a law which aims to achieve sexual equality o equality between the sexes
    ¿qué buscas con eso? what are you trying to achieve by that?
    tiene cuatro hijas y busca el varón ( fam); she has four girls and she's trying for a boy
    buscar + INF to try to + INF, set out to + INF
    el libro busca destruir ese mito the book sets out o tries o attempts to explode that myth
    2 (provocar) ‹bronca/camorra› to look for
    siempre están buscando pelea they're always looking o spoiling for a fight
    me está buscando y me va a encontrar he's looking for trouble and he's going to get it
    ■ buscar
    vi
    to look
    busca en el cajón look o have a look in the drawer
    ¿has buscado bien? have you looked properly?, have you had a proper look?
    ¡busca! ¡busca! (a un perro) fetch!
    A (intentar encontrar) to look for
    debería buscarse a alguien que le cuidara los niños she should look for o find somebody to look after the children
    B ‹complicaciones/problemas›
    no quiero buscarme complicaciones I don't want any trouble
    tú te lo has buscado you've brought it on yourself, it serves you right
    se está buscando problemas she's asking for trouble
    buscársela(s) ( fam): te la estás buscando you're asking for trouble, you're asking for it ( colloq)
    no te quejes, la verdad es que te la buscaste don't complain, the truth is you had it coming to you o you brought it on yourself ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    buscar    
    buscar algo
    buscar ( conjugate buscar) verbo transitivo
    1

    ‹fama/fortuna› to seek;

    b) (en libro, lista) to look up;


    2



    (— en tren, a pie) I went to meet him at the airport;
    ◊ vengo a buscar mis cosas I've come to collect o pick up my things



    fue a buscar un médico/un taxi he went to get a doctor/a taxi;
    ¿qué buscas con eso? what are you trying to achieve by that?
    verbo intransitivo
    to look;
    ◊ busca en el cajón look o have a look in the drawer

    buscarse verbo pronominal
    1 ( intentar encontrar) to look for
    2 ‹ problemas› to ask for;
    ◊ no quiero buscarme complicaciones/problemas I don't want any trouble;

    tú te lo has buscado you've brought it on yourself, it serves you right;
    buscársela(s) (fam): te la estás buscando you're asking for trouble, you're asking for it (colloq)
    buscar verbo transitivo
    1 to look for
    2 (en la enciclopedia, en el diccionario) to look up
    3 (conseguir, traer) to fetch: ve a buscar un poco de agua, go and fetch some water
    4 (recoger cosas) to collect
    (recoger personas) to pick up: fue a buscarme al trabajo, she picked me up from work
    ' buscar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acudir
    - condicionamiento
    - ir
    - mirar
    - sistema
    - tienta
    - aguja
    - andar
    - bronca
    - camorra
    - colocación
    - pelea
    - perro
    - recoger
    - refugio
    - trabajo
    - venir
    English:
    advertise
    - collect
    - dig around
    - down-market
    - expressly
    - fetch
    - fish
    - forage
    - fumble
    - get
    - go for
    - hunt
    - instrumental
    - kerb-crawl
    - look
    - look for
    - look out for
    - look up
    - meet
    - needle
    - pick
    - pick up
    - prospect
    - pursue
    - scout around
    - search
    - search for
    - seek
    - seek after
    - spoil for
    - want
    - afield
    - call
    - collection
    - court
    - dig
    - feel
    - ferry
    - go
    - grope
    - house
    - job
    - nook
    - scout
    - send
    - trouble
    - woo
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [para encontrar] to look for, to search for;
    [provecho, beneficio propio, fortuna] to seek;
    busco apartamento en esta zona I am looking for Br a flat o US an apartment in this area;
    estoy buscando trabajo I'm looking for work;
    la policía busca a los terroristas the police are searching o hunting for the terrorists;
    lo busqué, pero no lo encontré I looked o hunted for it, but I couldn't find it;
    ¿me ayudas a buscar las llaves? can you help me to look for the keys?;
    se fue a buscar fortuna a América he went to seek his fortune in America;
    fui a buscar ayuda I went in search of help;
    ¡ve a buscar ayuda, rápido! quick, go for help o go and find help!;
    es como buscar una aguja en un pajar it's like looking for a needle in a haystack;
    CSur Fam
    buscar la vuelta a algo to (try to) find a way of doing sth
    2. [recoger] to pick up;
    vino a buscar sus libros he came to pick up his books;
    voy a buscar el periódico I'm going for the paper o to get the paper;
    ir a buscar a alguien to pick sb up;
    ya iré yo a buscar a los niños al colegio I'll go and pick the children up from school;
    pasará a buscarnos a las nueve she'll pick us up at nine
    3. [en diccionario, índice, horario] to look up;
    buscaré la dirección en mi agenda I'll look up the address in my address book
    4. [intentar conseguir]
    siempre busca quedar bien con todos she always tries to please everybody;
    no sé qué está buscando con esa actitud I don't know what he is hoping to achieve with that attitude;
    con estas medidas buscan reducir la inflación these measures are intended to reduce inflation, with these measures they are seeking to reduce inflation;
    Fam
    ése sólo busca ligar he's only after one thing
    5. Informát to search for
    6. Fam [provocar] to push, to try the patience of;
    no me busques, que me voy a enfadar don't push me o it, I'm about to lose my temper;
    buscar bronca o [m5] camorra to look for trouble
    ♦ vi
    to look;
    busqué bien pero no encontré nada I had a thorough search, but didn't find anything;
    buscamos por toda la casa we looked o searched throughout the house, we searched the house from top to bottom
    * * *
    v/t search for, look for;
    ir/venir a buscar fetch;
    se la estaba buscando he was asking for trouble o for it
    * * *
    buscar {72} vt
    1) : to look for, to seek
    2) : to pick up, to collect
    3) : to provoke
    buscar vi
    : to look, to search
    buscó en los bolsillos: he searched through his pockets
    * * *
    buscar vb
    1. (tratar de encontrar) to look for
    2. (consultar) to look up
    3. (recoger) to pick up / to meet [pt. & pp. met]
    4. (traer) to fetch / to get
    "Se busca" "Wanted"

    Spanish-English dictionary > buscar

  • 9 sujetar

    v.
    sujeta la cuerda al poste tie the rope to the post
    sujetar con clavos/cola to fasten with nails/glue
    sujeta los papeles con un clip fasten the papers together with a paper clip
    intentó escapar, pero la sujetaron firmemente she tried to escape, but they kept a firm grip on her
    si no lo llegan a sujetar, la mata if they hadn't held him back, he would have killed her
    María sujeta la cuerda Mary holds the rope.
    2 to hold.
    3 to fasten, to anchor, to attach, to bind.
    María sujetó los barriles Mary fastened the barrels.
    * * *
    1 (fijar) to fix, secure, hold
    2 (agarrar, sostener) to hold, hold on to
    3 (para que no escape) to hold down
    4 (papeles) to fasten; (pelo) to hold in place
    5 figurado (dominar, someter) to control, restrain
    6 figurado (atar) to tie down
    1 (agarrarse) to hold on, hold tight
    ■ sujétate, que el autobús corre mucho hold tight, the bus is going really fast
    2 figurado (someterse) to subject oneself (a, to)
    \
    sujetar con clavos to nail down
    * * *
    verb
    2) attach, fasten, secure
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=agarrar) to hold

    lo tuvieron que sujetar entre tres personas para que no huyera — he had to be held back o restrained by three people to stop him escaping

    2) (=afianzar)

    sujeta bien la ropa, que no se la lleve el viento — peg the clothes (up) properly so the wind doesn't blow them away

    • sujetar algo a, se sujeta a la pared por medio de argollas — it is fixed o attached o secured to the wall through rings

    • sujetar algo con, sujetar algo con clavos — to nail sth down

    3) (=contener) [+ rebelde] to subdue, conquer; [+ rival, animal enfurecido] to keep down

    vive sin ataduras que la sujeten — she has nothing to tie her down, she has no ties to bind her

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( mantener sujeto) to hold

    sujétalo bien, que no se escape — hold it tight, don't let it go

    b) ( sostener) to hold
    c) (fijar, trabar)
    2) ( dominar) to subdue, conquer
    2.
    sujetarse v pron
    1)
    a) ( agarrarse)
    b) (trabar, sostener)

    se sujetó el pelo en un moño — she put o pinned her hair up in a bun

    2) ( someterse)

    sujetarse A algo — a ley/reglas to abide by something

    * * *
    = lock in + place, hold in + place, fasten together, clamp, fasten, grip, secure, clip, cinch, rein in.
    Ex. Most card catalogues are equipped with rods which lock the cards in place and prevent unauthorized removal of entries.
    Ex. It may be seen that one or more pairs of leaves, joined to each other at the back, are held in place by a double stitch of thread running up the fold.
    Ex. A book is physically a collection of sheets usually paper ones fastened together and protected by a cover which do form a genuine unit.
    Ex. The original is clamped around the left hand cylinder and a special stencil fastened around the other cylinder.
    Ex. The original is clamped around the left hand cylinder and a special stencil fastened around the other cylinder.
    Ex. The entrance door should be automatic or with a handle easy to grip.
    Ex. Many books were still large and solid, their blind-tooled covers secured with clasps or ties.
    Ex. Plastic-covered wire or metal supports are designed to clip firmly to the shelf itself or to the base of the shelf above.
    Ex. The men who rushed to California soon adopted a unique uniform of broad-brimmed hats, flannel shirts, coarse trousers cinched with a leather belt, and tall boots.
    Ex. If librarians hope to rein in escalating periodical prices, they must become more assertive consumers.
    ----
    * sujetar abarcando = brace.
    * sujetar con algo pesado = weight down.
    * sujetar con tornillo o perno = bolt.
    * sujetar contra = pin + Nombre + against.
    * sujetar fuertemente = keep + a tight hold on.
    * sujetar + Nombre + contra el suelo = pin + Nombre + to the floor.
    * sujetarse a = hold on to.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( mantener sujeto) to hold

    sujétalo bien, que no se escape — hold it tight, don't let it go

    b) ( sostener) to hold
    c) (fijar, trabar)
    2) ( dominar) to subdue, conquer
    2.
    sujetarse v pron
    1)
    a) ( agarrarse)
    b) (trabar, sostener)

    se sujetó el pelo en un moño — she put o pinned her hair up in a bun

    2) ( someterse)

    sujetarse A algo — a ley/reglas to abide by something

    * * *
    = lock in + place, hold in + place, fasten together, clamp, fasten, grip, secure, clip, cinch, rein in.

    Ex: Most card catalogues are equipped with rods which lock the cards in place and prevent unauthorized removal of entries.

    Ex: It may be seen that one or more pairs of leaves, joined to each other at the back, are held in place by a double stitch of thread running up the fold.
    Ex: A book is physically a collection of sheets usually paper ones fastened together and protected by a cover which do form a genuine unit.
    Ex: The original is clamped around the left hand cylinder and a special stencil fastened around the other cylinder.
    Ex: The original is clamped around the left hand cylinder and a special stencil fastened around the other cylinder.
    Ex: The entrance door should be automatic or with a handle easy to grip.
    Ex: Many books were still large and solid, their blind-tooled covers secured with clasps or ties.
    Ex: Plastic-covered wire or metal supports are designed to clip firmly to the shelf itself or to the base of the shelf above.
    Ex: The men who rushed to California soon adopted a unique uniform of broad-brimmed hats, flannel shirts, coarse trousers cinched with a leather belt, and tall boots.
    Ex: If librarians hope to rein in escalating periodical prices, they must become more assertive consumers.
    * sujetar abarcando = brace.
    * sujetar con algo pesado = weight down.
    * sujetar con tornillo o perno = bolt.
    * sujetar contra = pin + Nombre + against.
    * sujetar fuertemente = keep + a tight hold on.
    * sujetar + Nombre + contra el suelo = pin + Nombre + to the floor.
    * sujetarse a = hold on to.

    * * *
    sujetar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1
    (mantener sujeto): las cuerdas que sujetan las maletas a la baca the ropes which hold the suitcases on the roof rack
    una cinta roja le sujetaba el pelo her hair was tied back with a red ribbon
    para sujetarlo mientras se pega to hold it in place while it sticks
    sujétalo bien, que no se te escape hold it tight, don't let it go
    tuvimos que sujetarlos para que no se pegaran we had to hold them back to stop them hitting each other
    yo lo derribé y ellos lo sujetaron I knocked him over and they held him down
    sujétalo mientras llamo a la policía keep hold of him o hold on to him while I call the police
    2 (sostener) to hold
    sujétame los paquetes mientras abro la puerta hold o keep hold of o hold on to the packages for me while I open the door
    3
    (fijar, trabar): sujeta los documentos con un clip fasten the documents together with a paper clip, clip the documents together
    sujetó los papeles con una goma elástica she put a rubber band around the papers
    sujeta la cuerda al árbol tie the rope to the tree
    sujetar las tablas al bastidor con los tornillos screw the boards to the frame, use the screws to fix the boards to the frame
    B (dominar) to subdue, conquer
    A
    1 (agarrarse) sujetarse A algo to hold on TO sth
    2
    (trabar, sostener): sujétate ese mechón con una horquilla use a clip to hold your hair back off your face
    se sujetó la falda con una cuerda she tied up o fastened her skirt with a piece of string
    se sujetó el pelo en un moño she put o tied o pinned her hair up in a bun
    B (someterse, ajustarse) sujetarse A algo to abide BY sth
    hay que sujetarse a lo que dice la ley you have to abide by what the law says
    * * *

     

    sujetar ( conjugate sujetar) verbo transitivo
    1

    ◊ sujétalo bien, que no se escape hold it tight, don't let it go;

    tuvimos que sujetarlos para que no se pegaran we had to hold them back to stop them hitting each other


    c) (fijar, trabar — con clip) to fasten … together;

    (— con alfileres) to pin … together
    2 ( dominar) to subdue, conquer
    sujetarse verbo pronominal
    1
    a) ( agarrarse) sujetarse A algo to hold on to sth

    b) (trabar, sostener):


    se sujetó la falda con un imperdible she fastened her skirt with a safety pin
    2 ( someterse) sujetarse A algo ‹a ley/reglas› to abide by sth
    sujetar verbo transitivo
    1 (coger, agarrar) to hold: sujétalo fuerte, hold it tight
    ¿puedes sujetarme la escalera?, can you hold the ladder for me?
    (retener) to hold down
    (fijar) to fasten, fix
    2 (controlar, someter) to restrain, keep in check
    ' sujetar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    agarrar
    - aguantar
    - asegurar
    - clavar
    - clip
    - normalizar
    - prender
    - sustentar
    - tener
    - tirante
    - trincar
    - atorar
    - corchete
    - goma
    - gomita
    - peineta
    - sostener
    English:
    anchor
    - attach
    - clamp
    - clasp
    - clip
    - fasten
    - fasten on to
    - fix
    - hold down
    - lash down
    - pin
    - pin down
    - pin up
    - place
    - screw down
    - secure
    - strap down
    - strap in
    - tie down
    - bolt
    - hold
    - keep
    - peg
    - steady
    - strap
    - weight
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [agarrar] [para mantener en su sitio] to hold in place;
    [sobre una superficie, con un peso] to hold down; [para que no se caiga] to hold up;
    sujeta la cuerda al poste tie the rope to the post;
    sujetar con clavos/cola to fasten with nails/glue;
    sujeta los papeles con un clip fasten the papers together with a paper clip;
    le sujetó el pelo con una goma she tied his hair back with an elastic band;
    intentó escapar, pero la sujetaron firmemente she tried to escape, but they kept a firm grip on her;
    si no lo llegan a sujetar, la mata if they hadn't held him back, he would have killed her
    2. [sostener] to hold;
    sujétame esta bolsa un momento hold this bag for a moment, will you?
    3. [someter] to control
    * * *
    v/t
    1 ( fijar) hold (down), keep in place
    2 ( sostener) hold
    * * *
    1) : to hold on to, to steady, to hold down
    2) fijar: to fasten, to attach
    3) dominar: to subdue, to conquer
    * * *
    1. (coger) to hold [pt. & pp. held]
    ¿me sujetas el bolso? can you hold my bag, please?
    2. (fijar) to fasten

    Spanish-English dictionary > sujetar

  • 10 desde entonces

    adv.
    ever since, from that time on, ever after, from that time.
    * * *
    since then
    * * *
    * * *
    = ever since, henceforth, in the interim, since, since that time, since then, henceforward, ever since then, ever since then, thenceforth, in the intervening years, ever after, in the intervening period, since that day
    Ex. By the 1820s good white paper was regularly produced with the aid of chlorine bleaches, and the process has been used in the manufacture of virtually all white paper ever since.
    Ex. Henceforth the inventory function was no longer to be a part of the functions of the library's catalog.
    Ex. In the interim there has been considerable activity in developing guidelines for catalogue headings and in compiling authority lists.
    Ex. It has since been echoed repeatedly in the discussion of cataloging despite the persuasive and decisive refutation of it by Panizzi before the Royal Commission.
    Ex. This practice has been adopted by a number of national cataloguing codes promulgated since that time.
    Ex. Since then library planning has developed along lines best suited to British practise and needs.
    Ex. Originally the advent of on-line interactive searches was hailed by some as a boon to users who could henceforward conduct their own searches.
    Ex. Ever since then, numerous materials have been tried for producing types, including baked mud, wood engraving, copper, tin, and lead.
    Ex. Ever since then, numerous materials have been tried for producing types, including baked mud, wood engraving, copper, tin, and lead.
    Ex. From 1751 to 1766 he copied out the details of all the various processes in two books, which were thenceforth kept in the factory's archives.
    Ex. In the intervening years reference collections and reference services have changed greatly with the introduction of electronic media.
    Ex. The author focuses on debunking the Cinderella Myth -- that relates the tale of Cinderella who is abused and exploited until she finds Prince Charming and lives happily ever after.
    Ex. The present survey involved contacting the same libraries and institutions in order to see what changes had taken place in the intervening period.
    Ex. A lot has been written about the plunge in consumer confidence since that day.
    * * *
    = ever since, henceforth, in the interim, since, since that time, since then, henceforward, ever since then, ever since then, thenceforth, in the intervening years, ever after, in the intervening period, since that day

    Ex: By the 1820s good white paper was regularly produced with the aid of chlorine bleaches, and the process has been used in the manufacture of virtually all white paper ever since.

    Ex: Henceforth the inventory function was no longer to be a part of the functions of the library's catalog.
    Ex: In the interim there has been considerable activity in developing guidelines for catalogue headings and in compiling authority lists.
    Ex: It has since been echoed repeatedly in the discussion of cataloging despite the persuasive and decisive refutation of it by Panizzi before the Royal Commission.
    Ex: This practice has been adopted by a number of national cataloguing codes promulgated since that time.
    Ex: Since then library planning has developed along lines best suited to British practise and needs.
    Ex: Originally the advent of on-line interactive searches was hailed by some as a boon to users who could henceforward conduct their own searches.
    Ex: Ever since then, numerous materials have been tried for producing types, including baked mud, wood engraving, copper, tin, and lead.
    Ex: Ever since then, numerous materials have been tried for producing types, including baked mud, wood engraving, copper, tin, and lead.
    Ex: From 1751 to 1766 he copied out the details of all the various processes in two books, which were thenceforth kept in the factory's archives.
    Ex: In the intervening years reference collections and reference services have changed greatly with the introduction of electronic media.
    Ex: The author focuses on debunking the Cinderella Myth -- that relates the tale of Cinderella who is abused and exploited until she finds Prince Charming and lives happily ever after.
    Ex: The present survey involved contacting the same libraries and institutions in order to see what changes had taken place in the intervening period.
    Ex: A lot has been written about the plunge in consumer confidence since that day.

    Spanish-English dictionary > desde entonces

  • 11 difundir

    v.
    1 to spread (noticia, doctrina, epidemia).
    2 to spread out, to broadcast, to blaze abroad, to diffuse.
    La prensa difunde las noticias The press spreads out the news.
    El cono difundía energía The cone diffused energy.
    * * *
    1 (luz, calor) to diffuse
    2 figurado (noticia, enfermedad) to spread
    3 RADIO TELEVISIÓN to broadcast
    1 (luz, calor) to be diffused
    2 figurado (noticia, enfermedad) to spread
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=extender) [+ calor, luz] to diffuse; [+ gas] to give off
    2) (=propagar) [+ programa, imagen] to broadcast, transmit; [+ teoría, ideología] to spread, disseminate
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <noticia/rumor> to spread; <ideas/doctrina> to spread, disseminate; < comunicado> to issue
    * * *
    = disseminate, promulgate, publicise [publicize, -USA], report, diffuse, propagate out to, cascade, propagate, bruit, trumpet.
    Ex. The UKLDS or the UK Library Database System is a proposal from the Cooperative Automation Group (CAG) which was first disseminated in a discussion paper published in 1982.
    Ex. This practice has been adopted by a number of national cataloguing codes promulgated since that time.
    Ex. A variety of extension activities, such as book clubs, competitions and quizzes also help to publicize the stock and the work of the library.
    Ex. Criticism is not appropriate in a style which aims to report, but not comment upon the content of the original document.
    Ex. As everywhere, research in library and information science in Australia is diffused over the myriad topics that make up the field.
    Ex. We must develop and study intelligent interfaces that propagate out to the information universe and report back to us.
    Ex. This project is designed to provide a network of practising librarians with a programme in educational methods and skills which can then be disseminated, or ' cascaded', to a wider network of professional colleagues.
    Ex. The update, once started, propagates through the database, respecting local integrity rules for each affected object.
    Ex. Among many observations in this widely bruited report, one in particular struck home: fewer books had been translated into Arabic in a millennium than were translated into Spanish in a year.
    Ex. Just weeks after trumpeting the results of a military offensive, the Pakistan army suddenly finds itself under attack on multiple fronts.
    ----
    * difundir buena imagen de = earn + credit for.
    * difundir el conocimiento = spread + knowledge.
    * difundir el evangelio = spread + the gospel.
    * difundir información = hand out + information.
    * difundir la imagen = spread + the good word, pass on + the good word.
    * difundir la noticia = spread + the word, spread + the good word, pass on + the good word, spread + the news.
    * difundir mentiras = spread + lies.
    * difundir noticias = broadcast + news.
    * difundirse = find + Posesivo + way, percolate.
    * difundir una idea = spread + view, spread + an idea, circulate + Posesivo + idea.
    * difundir un rumor = spread + rumour.
    * noticias + difundirse = news + spread.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <noticia/rumor> to spread; <ideas/doctrina> to spread, disseminate; < comunicado> to issue
    * * *
    = disseminate, promulgate, publicise [publicize, -USA], report, diffuse, propagate out to, cascade, propagate, bruit, trumpet.

    Ex: The UKLDS or the UK Library Database System is a proposal from the Cooperative Automation Group (CAG) which was first disseminated in a discussion paper published in 1982.

    Ex: This practice has been adopted by a number of national cataloguing codes promulgated since that time.
    Ex: A variety of extension activities, such as book clubs, competitions and quizzes also help to publicize the stock and the work of the library.
    Ex: Criticism is not appropriate in a style which aims to report, but not comment upon the content of the original document.
    Ex: As everywhere, research in library and information science in Australia is diffused over the myriad topics that make up the field.
    Ex: We must develop and study intelligent interfaces that propagate out to the information universe and report back to us.
    Ex: This project is designed to provide a network of practising librarians with a programme in educational methods and skills which can then be disseminated, or ' cascaded', to a wider network of professional colleagues.
    Ex: The update, once started, propagates through the database, respecting local integrity rules for each affected object.
    Ex: Among many observations in this widely bruited report, one in particular struck home: fewer books had been translated into Arabic in a millennium than were translated into Spanish in a year.
    Ex: Just weeks after trumpeting the results of a military offensive, the Pakistan army suddenly finds itself under attack on multiple fronts.
    * difundir buena imagen de = earn + credit for.
    * difundir el conocimiento = spread + knowledge.
    * difundir el evangelio = spread + the gospel.
    * difundir información = hand out + information.
    * difundir la imagen = spread + the good word, pass on + the good word.
    * difundir la noticia = spread + the word, spread + the good word, pass on + the good word, spread + the news.
    * difundir mentiras = spread + lies.
    * difundir noticias = broadcast + news.
    * difundirse = find + Posesivo + way, percolate.
    * difundir una idea = spread + view, spread + an idea, circulate + Posesivo + idea.
    * difundir un rumor = spread + rumour.
    * noticias + difundirse = news + spread.

    * * *
    difundir [I1 ]
    vt
    ‹noticia/rumor› to spread; ‹ideas/doctrina› to spread, diffuse, disseminate
    difundían el temor entre la población they were spreading fear among the population
    se difundió un comunicado desmintiendo el rumor a communiqué was issued denying the rumor
    la noticia fue difundida por la radio the news was broadcast on the radio
    una institución que se encarga de difundir la cultura an institution responsible for disseminating culture
    son creencias difundidas en esta región such beliefs are widespread in this area
    la lámpara difundía una luz tenue the lamp gave off a dim light
    * * *

     

    difundir ( conjugate difundir) verbo transitivo ‹noticia/rumor› to spread;
    ‹ideas/doctrina› to spread, disseminate;
    ‹ cultura› to disseminate;
    ‹ comunicado› to issue;
    ( por radio) to disseminate;

    difundir vtr, difundirse verbo reflexivo to spread

    ' difundir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    difundirse
    - sembrar
    English:
    bandy about
    - broadcast
    - diffuse
    - propagate
    - radiate
    - spread
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [divulgar] [noticia, pánico, religión] to spread;
    [comunicado, informe] to publish; [cultura, costumbres] to spread, to diffuse
    2. [sujeto: emisora radiofónica, canal televisivo] to broadcast;
    una cadena argentina difundió las imágenes an Argentinian channel broadcast the pictures
    3. [extender] [epidemia, olor] to spread;
    [sonido, ondas] to diffuse, to propagate;
    la estufa difunde muy bien el calor the stove heats the place up well
    * * *
    v/t
    1 spread
    2 programa broadcast
    * * *
    1) : to diffuse, to spread out
    2) : to broadcast, to spread
    * * *
    1. (en general) to spread [pt. & pp. spread]
    2. (radio, televisión) to broadcast [pt. & pp. broadcast]

    Spanish-English dictionary > difundir

  • 12 divulgar

    v.
    1 to reveal (noticia, secreto).
    2 to divulge, to disclose, to broadcast, to make known.
    Ellos reportaron la boda They reported=described the wedding.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ LLEGAR], like link=llegar llegar
    1 (difundir) to divulge, spread, disclose
    2 (por radio) to broadcast
    3 (propagar) to popularize
    1 to become known, spread
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ noticia, ideas] to spread
    2) [+ secreto] to divulge, disclose
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <noticia/información> to spread, circulate; <secreto/plan> to divulge
    2.
    divulgarse v pron to spread
    * * *
    = disseminate, promulgate, divulge, bruit, promote, popularise [popularize, -USA].
    Ex. The UKLDS or the UK Library Database System is a proposal from the Cooperative Automation Group (CAG) which was first disseminated in a discussion paper published in 1982.
    Ex. This practice has been adopted by a number of national cataloguing codes promulgated since that time.
    Ex. Wittingly or unwittingly, they mask other questions that users do not know how to ask or are uncertain that they want to divulge to someone else.
    Ex. Among many observations in this widely bruited report, one in particular struck home: fewer books had been translated into Arabic in a millennium than were translated into Spanish in a year.
    Ex. Initially, it is necessary that the scheme be published and available for purchase, and that its use is generally promoted.
    Ex. The information explosion has created a demand for analysing, organising and disseminating information and has popularised the subject approach to information.
    ----
    * no ser divulgado = be out of the public eye.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <noticia/información> to spread, circulate; <secreto/plan> to divulge
    2.
    divulgarse v pron to spread
    * * *
    = disseminate, promulgate, divulge, bruit, promote, popularise [popularize, -USA].

    Ex: The UKLDS or the UK Library Database System is a proposal from the Cooperative Automation Group (CAG) which was first disseminated in a discussion paper published in 1982.

    Ex: This practice has been adopted by a number of national cataloguing codes promulgated since that time.
    Ex: Wittingly or unwittingly, they mask other questions that users do not know how to ask or are uncertain that they want to divulge to someone else.
    Ex: Among many observations in this widely bruited report, one in particular struck home: fewer books had been translated into Arabic in a millennium than were translated into Spanish in a year.
    Ex: Initially, it is necessary that the scheme be published and available for purchase, and that its use is generally promoted.
    Ex: The information explosion has created a demand for analysing, organising and disseminating information and has popularised the subject approach to information.
    * no ser divulgado = be out of the public eye.

    * * *
    divulgar [A3 ]
    vt
    1 ‹noticia/información› to spread, circulate
    2 ‹cultura/ideas› to spread
    1 «noticia/rumor» to spread, circulate
    2 «ideas» to spread
    * * *

     

    divulgar ( conjugate divulgar) verbo transitivo ‹noticia/información› to spread, circulate;
    ‹secreto/plan› to divulge;
    ‹ cultura› to spread, disseminate
    divulgarse verbo pronominal
    to spread
    divulgar verbo transitivo
    1 (un secreto, etc) to disclose
    2 Rad TV to broadcast
    ' divulgar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    esparcir
    - publicar
    - voz
    English:
    divulge
    - keep back
    - circulate
    - popularize
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [noticia, rumor] to spread, to circulate;
    la radio divulgó la noticia the radio announced o broke the news
    2. [cultura, ciencia, doctrina] to popularize
    * * *
    v/t spread
    * * *
    divulgar {52} vt
    1) : to spread, to circulate
    2) revelar: to divulge, to reveal
    3) : to popularize
    * * *
    divulgar vb to spread [pt. & pp. spread]

    Spanish-English dictionary > divulgar

  • 13 prestar atención

    v.
    to pay attention, to take notice, to give attention, to heed.
    María se fijó muy bien Mary paid attention very well.
    * * *
    to pay attention (a, to)
    * * *
    * * *
    (n.) = follow up, heed, receive + attention, mind, devote + attention, pay + heed, take + notice, give + (some) thought to, follow through, look out for, lend + an ear, prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up
    Ex. Both the original production and revision of STC spawned a large crop of such items which are worth following up.
    Ex. Such variations also make it difficult for a cataloguer inserting a new heading for local use to discern the principles which should be heeded in the construction of such a heading.
    Ex. The formation of mould on paper and book-bindings is a long-standing problem, the nature of which has received little attention.
    Ex. They see people as marked by one particular attribute, cleverness, or kindness, or strictness, or being a good shot, and they mind whether things are right or wrong.
    Ex. The cataloger, by being relieved of the onerous clerical burden of reorganizing the catalog, is free to devote professional attention to making the catalog a more responsive and useful tool.
    Ex. Unless we believe we can do all this unaided, then we had better pay heed to literature.
    Ex. Successful displays depend on two main ingredients: selection from the vast number of possible titles; and attractive layout, so that people will take notice of the books and want to know more about them.
    Ex. I encourage the reader to give thought to the longer case studies that have appeared in the library press.
    Ex. The approach used is to follow through the decision making processes which underpin the successful introduction of any service.
    Ex. Panellists presented the criteria they adopted and features they looked out for when selecting a library automation system.
    Ex. Secondly, the teacher should just ' lend an ear' and not actively take part in the discussion.
    Ex. The dog sat at the bedside, now eyeing his master with a wistful look, and now pricking his ears, and uttering a low growl.
    Ex. As lesbians, our antennas went up, and we wondered why this guy wanted to know how many bedrooms we had.
    * * *
    (n.) = follow up, heed, receive + attention, mind, devote + attention, pay + heed, take + notice, give + (some) thought to, follow through, look out for, lend + an ear, prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up

    Ex: Both the original production and revision of STC spawned a large crop of such items which are worth following up.

    Ex: Such variations also make it difficult for a cataloguer inserting a new heading for local use to discern the principles which should be heeded in the construction of such a heading.
    Ex: The formation of mould on paper and book-bindings is a long-standing problem, the nature of which has received little attention.
    Ex: They see people as marked by one particular attribute, cleverness, or kindness, or strictness, or being a good shot, and they mind whether things are right or wrong.
    Ex: The cataloger, by being relieved of the onerous clerical burden of reorganizing the catalog, is free to devote professional attention to making the catalog a more responsive and useful tool.
    Ex: Unless we believe we can do all this unaided, then we had better pay heed to literature.
    Ex: Successful displays depend on two main ingredients: selection from the vast number of possible titles; and attractive layout, so that people will take notice of the books and want to know more about them.
    Ex: I encourage the reader to give thought to the longer case studies that have appeared in the library press.
    Ex: The approach used is to follow through the decision making processes which underpin the successful introduction of any service.
    Ex: Panellists presented the criteria they adopted and features they looked out for when selecting a library automation system.
    Ex: Secondly, the teacher should just ' lend an ear' and not actively take part in the discussion.
    Ex: The dog sat at the bedside, now eyeing his master with a wistful look, and now pricking his ears, and uttering a low growl.
    Ex: As lesbians, our antennas went up, and we wondered why this guy wanted to know how many bedrooms we had.

    Spanish-English dictionary > prestar atención

  • 14 flexible

    adj.
    flexible.
    * * *
    1 flexible
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [material, actitud] flexible; [cuerpo] supple; (Téc) pliable; [sombrero] soft
    2) [persona] flexible, open-minded; pey compliant
    2. SM
    2) (Elec) flex, cord
    * * *
    adjetivo flexible
    * * *
    = elastic, flexible, hospitable, tensile, accommodating, limber, compromising, soft-line, supple [suppler -comp., supplest -sup.], adaptable, versatile, lithe [lither -comp., lithest -sup.], springy [springier -comp., springiest -sup.], resilient, conformable.
    Ex. Any guidance concerning style and content must be elastic enough to permit the abstractor to use his discretion to achieve a good abstract.
    Ex. Some users and classifiers find it beneficial to have a notation which is sufficiently flexible to permit a variety of citation orders to be adopted as appropriate to the document and the user's perspective.
    Ex. It is necessary that any notation be hospitable to the insertion of new subjects.
    Ex. Unless we are clear about the answers, we are likely to make a number of gross mistakes in trying to bring children and books together in a tensile and lasting connection.
    Ex. Style flexibility provides a way to be accommodating without compromising integrity or naturalness of expression = La flexibilidad de estilo es una forma de ser complaciente sin poner en peligro la integridad o la naturalidad de la expresión.
    Ex. His limber writing consequentializes the inconsequential, and there is not one morose moment in his work, no hint of sourness.
    Ex. There are different styles of handling interpersonal conflict such as integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding, and compromising.
    Ex. Part 1 examines and discusses the pros and cons of both hard-line and soft-line approaches to moral education.
    Ex. The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex. The intention was to make the interior finish as flexible and adaptable as possible.
    Ex. Moreover, they will be far more versatile than present commercial, so that they may readily be adapted for a wide variety of operations.
    Ex. He was standing in front of me, small, lithe, myopic, shy, uncommunicative, vulnerable.
    Ex. The manufacturers of this type of artificial turf say that while the grass is soft and springy underfoot it is extremely tough and hard-wearing.
    Ex. The solution was found to be a composition of glue and treacle which could be cast on to the roller stock and which made a seamless, resilient surface that inked perfectly.
    Ex. For transducing, the proposal relies on conformable strips hosting pressure sensitive units directly placed on the aircraft aerodynamic surfaces.
    ----
    * de un modo flexible = flexibly.
    * de uso flexible = hop-on/hop-off.
    * disco flexible = floppy disc.
    * encuadernación flexible en papel = limp paper binding.
    * encuadernación flexible en vitela = limp vellum binding.
    * hacer flexible = limber up.
    * hacer que sea flexible = render + flexible.
    * poco flexible = monolithic, inelastic.
    * * *
    adjetivo flexible
    * * *
    = elastic, flexible, hospitable, tensile, accommodating, limber, compromising, soft-line, supple [suppler -comp., supplest -sup.], adaptable, versatile, lithe [lither -comp., lithest -sup.], springy [springier -comp., springiest -sup.], resilient, conformable.

    Ex: Any guidance concerning style and content must be elastic enough to permit the abstractor to use his discretion to achieve a good abstract.

    Ex: Some users and classifiers find it beneficial to have a notation which is sufficiently flexible to permit a variety of citation orders to be adopted as appropriate to the document and the user's perspective.
    Ex: It is necessary that any notation be hospitable to the insertion of new subjects.
    Ex: Unless we are clear about the answers, we are likely to make a number of gross mistakes in trying to bring children and books together in a tensile and lasting connection.
    Ex: Style flexibility provides a way to be accommodating without compromising integrity or naturalness of expression = La flexibilidad de estilo es una forma de ser complaciente sin poner en peligro la integridad o la naturalidad de la expresión.
    Ex: His limber writing consequentializes the inconsequential, and there is not one morose moment in his work, no hint of sourness.
    Ex: There are different styles of handling interpersonal conflict such as integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding, and compromising.
    Ex: Part 1 examines and discusses the pros and cons of both hard-line and soft-line approaches to moral education.
    Ex: The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex: The intention was to make the interior finish as flexible and adaptable as possible.
    Ex: Moreover, they will be far more versatile than present commercial, so that they may readily be adapted for a wide variety of operations.
    Ex: He was standing in front of me, small, lithe, myopic, shy, uncommunicative, vulnerable.
    Ex: The manufacturers of this type of artificial turf say that while the grass is soft and springy underfoot it is extremely tough and hard-wearing.
    Ex: The solution was found to be a composition of glue and treacle which could be cast on to the roller stock and which made a seamless, resilient surface that inked perfectly.
    Ex: For transducing, the proposal relies on conformable strips hosting pressure sensitive units directly placed on the aircraft aerodynamic surfaces.
    * de un modo flexible = flexibly.
    * de uso flexible = hop-on/hop-off.
    * disco flexible = floppy disc.
    * encuadernación flexible en papel = limp paper binding.
    * encuadernación flexible en vitela = limp vellum binding.
    * hacer flexible = limber up.
    * hacer que sea flexible = render + flexible.
    * poco flexible = monolithic, inelastic.

    * * *
    1 ‹material› flexible, pliable
    2 ‹cuerpo› supple, flexible
    3 ‹norma/horario› flexible
    4 ‹actitud/enfoque› flexible; ‹carácter/personalidad› easygoing, flexible
    * * *

    flexible adjetivo
    flexible
    flexible adjetivo
    1 flexible: no se puede decir que el cristal sea un material flexible, we couldn't class glass as a flexible material
    2 lax, tolerant, mellowed: con la edad se ha vuelto más flexible, she has mellowed with age
    ' flexible' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    adaptable
    - flexibilidad
    - goma
    - cerrazón
    - disco
    - elástico
    - horario
    - trampolín
    English:
    adaptable
    - elastic
    - flexible
    - floppy
    - fluid
    - lissom
    - lissome
    - lithe
    - pliable
    - supple
    - flex
    - versatile
    * * *
    1. [material] flexible;
    [cuerpo] supple
    2. [actitud] flexible
    3. [horario] flexible
    * * *
    I adj flexible
    II m EL cord, Br tb
    flex
    * * *
    : flexible
    1) : flexible electrical cord
    2) : soft hat
    * * *
    flexible adj flexible

    Spanish-English dictionary > flexible

  • 15 Fourdrinier, Henry

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 11 February 1766 London, England
    d. 3 September 1854 Mavesyn Ridware, near Rugeley, Staffordshire, England
    [br]
    English pioneer of the papermaking machine.
    [br]
    Fourdrinier's father was a paper manufacturer and stationer of London, from a family of French Protestant origin. Henry took up the same trade and, with his brother Sealy (d. 1847), devoted many years to developing the papermaking machine. Their first patent was taken out in 1801, but success was still far off. A machine for making paper had been invented a few years previously by Nicolas Robert at the Didot's mill at Essonnes, south of Paris. Robert quarrelled with the Didots, who then contacted their brother-in-law in England, John Gamble, in an attempt to raise capital for a larger machine. Gamble and the Fourdriniers called in the engineer Bryan Donkin, and between them they patented a much improved machine in 1807. In the new machine, the paper pulp flowed on to a moving continuous woven wire screen and was then squeezed between rollers to remove much of the water. The paper thus formed was transferred to a felt blanket and passed through a second press to remove more water, before being wound while still wet on to a drum. For the first time, a continuous sheet of paper could be made. Other inventors soon made further improvements: in 1817 John Dickinson obtained a patent for sizing baths to improve the surface of the paper; while in 1820 Thomas Crompton patented a steam-heated drum round which the paper was passed to speed up the drying process. The development cost of £60,000 bankrupted the brothers. Although Parliament extended the patent for fourteen years, and the machine was widely adopted, they never reaped much profit from it. Tsar Alexander of Russia became interested in the papermaking machine while on a visit to England in 1814 and promised Henry Fourdrinier £700 per year for ten years for super-intending the erection of two machines in Russia; Henry carried out the work, but he received no payment. At the age of 72 he travelled to St Petersburg to seek recompense from the Tsar's successor Nicholas I, but to no avail. Eventually, on a motion in the House of Commons, the British Government awarded Fourdrinier a payment of £7,000. The paper trade, sensing the inadequacy of this sum, augmented it with a further sum which they subscribed so that an annuity could be purchased for Henry, then the only surviving brother, and his two daughters, to enable them to live in modest comfort. From its invention in ancient China (see Cai Lun), its appearance in the Middle Ages in Europe and through the first three and a half centuries of printing, every sheet of paper had to made by hand. The daily output of a hand-made paper mill was only 60–100 lb (27–45 kg), whereas the new machine increased that tenfold. Even higher speeds were achieved, with corresponding reductions in cost; the old mills could not possibly have kept pace with the new mechanical printing presses. The Fourdrinier machine was thus an essential element in the technological developments that brought about the revolution in the production of reading matter of all kinds during the nineteenth century. The high-speed, giant paper-making machines of the late twentieth century work on the same principle as the Fourdrinier of 1807.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    R.H.Clapperton, 1967, The Paper-making Machine, Oxford: Pergamon Press. D.Hunter, 1947, Papermaking. The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft, London.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Fourdrinier, Henry

  • 16 postura

    f.
    1 position, posture.
    2 attitude, stance.
    3 bid.
    4 body posture, position, posture.
    5 point of view, attitude, stand, position.
    6 agreement.
    * * *
    1 (de un cuerpo) posture, position
    2 (actitud) attitude
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) [del cuerpo] position
    2) (=actitud) stance, position
    3) [en una subasta] bid
    4) [en juego de azar] bet, stake
    5) [de ave] (=acción) egg-laying; (=conjunto de huevos) eggs pl, eggs laid pl
    6) ** (=droga) 1000-pesetas' worth of hashish
    * * *
    1) ( del cuerpo) position
    2)
    a) ( actitud) stance
    b) ( opinión) opinion

    posturas encontradas or enfrentadas — opposing views

    tomar postura — to take a stand

    3) (AmL) (de ropa, zapatos)
    •
    * * *
    1) ( del cuerpo) position
    2)
    a) ( actitud) stance
    b) ( opinión) opinion

    posturas encontradas or enfrentadas — opposing views

    tomar postura — to take a stand

    3) (AmL) (de ropa, zapatos)
    •
    * * *
    postura1
    1 = posture, pose.

    Ex: 'I'll give it more thought,' she said with a sharp frown, resuming her former posture.

    Ex: Male readers are often attracted to this sub-genre because of the books' pin-up art, depicting beautiful young women in revealing costumes and provocative poses.
    * de postura = postural.
    * postura del loto, la = lotus position, the, padmasana.
    * postura de yoga = asana.
    * postura exigida por el trabajo = work posture.
    * postura física = physical posture.

    postura2
    = stance, position, stand, posturing, viewpoint, standpoint, view, opinion (on).

    Ex: It is precisely such programme arrangements which seemed, upon examination, to produce an equivocal stance on the question of applying the technology in a user-orientated way.

    Ex: In 1971 John Pemberton was engaged by the Government `to carry out a broad review of the present position regarding the provision of printed ephemera in libraries in Great Britain'.
    Ex: The Midwinter Meeting of the American Library Association included various items of business such as: the ALA stand on UNESCO; a new dues schedule; grants; role of school librarians in ALA; new cataloguing tools; and standards.
    Ex: The lavishness of the presentation imbues the show with conviction and almost distracts from the ridiculousness of its apocalyptic posturing.
    Ex: Whatever viewpoint is taken, it is difficult to dispute the significance of AACR1.
    Ex: So it seems to me you should try to resolve this point of approach, whether you're going to approach it from the standpoint of the user or from the standpoint of the group being listed.
    Ex: There is an alternative method for the design of subject retrieval devices, and that is to build languages or schemes which depend upon some theoretical views about the nature and structure of knowledge.
    Ex: A reputable supplier will readily provide names of former customers who may be contacted for their opinions on service, support and maintenance.
    * adoptar la postura moral correcta = take + the high ground, take + the high road.
    * adoptar una postura = adopt + posture, adopt + behaviour, adopt + a stance, take + position, take + a stance.
    * adoptar una postura crítica sobre = take + a critical view of.
    * adoptar una postura firme = take + a stand (against).
    * adoptar una postura firme ante una cuestión = take + position on + issue.
    * adoptar una postura firme contra = take + a firm stand against.
    * adoptar una postura intransigente = take + a hard stand.
    * adoptar una postura unánime = speak with + one voice.
    * adoptar un postura = embrace + view, don + mantle.
    * cambiar de postura = reconsider + position.
    * cambiar radicalmente de postura = do + an about-face.
    * cambio radical de postura = about-face.
    * declaración de postura oficial = position paper.
    * defender + Posesivo + postura = argue + Posesivo + case.
    * desafiar una postura = challenge + attitude.
    * poner en entredicho una postura = compromise + position.
    * postura defensiva = bunker mentality.
    * postura ideológica en contra de la homosexualidad = heterosexism.
    * postura indefinida = fence-sitting position.
    * postura única = unified voice.
    * tomar una postura = take + viewpoint, adopt + a stance, take + position, take + a stance.
    * tomar una postura firme = take + a stand (against).
    * tomar una postura intransigente = take + a hard stand.

    * * *
    A (del cuerpo) position
    tengo que haber dormido en una mala postura I must have slept in an awkward position
    tiene muy mala postura he has very bad posture
    Compuesto:
    lotus position
    B
    1 (actitud) stance
    adoptó una postura crítica frente a esta propuesta she adopted a critical attitude toward(s) o a critical stance on this proposal
    eso de no comprometerte es una postura muy cómoda not committing yourself like that is an easy way out o is an easy option
    2 (opinión) opinion
    hay posturas encontradas or enfrentadas en la organización there are opposing views within the organization
    tomar postura to take a stand
    C
    ( AmL) (de ropa, zapatos): se le rompieron a la primera postura they broke the first time she wore them
    Compuesto:
    ( Chi) (acción) exchange of rings ( to seal one's engagement); (fiesta) engagement party
    * * *

     

    postura sustantivo femenino
    1 ( del cuerpo) position
    2

    ◊ adoptar una postura firme con respecto a algo to take a tough stance o stand on sth


    ◊ tomar postura to take a stand

    3 (AmL) (de ropa, zapatos):

    postura de argollas (Chi) ( acción) exchange of rings ( to seal one's engagement);

    ( fiesta) engagement party
    postura sustantivo femenino
    1 (física) position, posture
    2 (intelectual) attitude
    ' postura' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    actitud
    - antinuclear
    - flexibilizar
    - inamovible
    - mantenerse
    - pose
    - suscitar
    - ultranza
    - afianzar
    - asentar
    - claro
    - concesión
    - definición
    - duro
    - extremo
    - política
    - reconciliar
    English:
    assume
    - attitude
    - firm
    - inflexible
    - pose
    - position
    - posture
    - stance
    - stand
    - about
    - line
    * * *
    1. [posición] position, posture;
    ponte en una postura cómoda get into a comfortable position, make yourself comfortable
    postura del misionero missionary position
    2. [actitud] attitude, stance;
    adoptar una postura to adopt an attitude o a stance;
    tienes que tomar postura you have to take up a position;
    defiende posturas muy radicales he upholds very radical opinions o views
    3. [en subasta] bid
    4. Am [uso]
    este vestido se me estropeó a la segunda postura this dress fell to pieces the second time I wore it
    5. Chile postura de argollas [celebración] engagement party
    * * *
    f tb fig
    position
    * * *
    1) : posture, position (of the body)
    2) actitud, posición: position, stance
    * * *
    postura n position

    Spanish-English dictionary > postura

  • 17 Hyatt, John Wesley

    [br]
    b. 28 November 1837 Starkey, New York, USA
    d. 10 May 1920 Short Hills, New Jersey, USA
    [br]
    American inventor and the first successful manufacturer of celluloid.
    [br]
    Leaving school at the age of 16, Hyatt spent ten years in the printing trade, demonstrating meanwhile a talent for invention. The offer of a prize of $10,000 for finding a substitute for ivory billiard balls stimulated Hyatt to experiment with various materials. After many failures, he arrived at a composition of paper flock, shellac and collodion, which was widely adopted. Noting the "skin" left after evaporating collodion, he continued his experiments, using nitrocellulose as a base for plastic materials, yet he remained largely ignorant of both chemistry and the dangers of this explosive substance. Independently of Parkes in England, he found that a mixture of nitrocellulose, camphor and a little alcohol could, by heating, be made soft enough to mould but became hard at room temperature. Hyatt's first patent for the material, celluloid, was dated 12 July 1870 (US pat. 105338) and was followed by many others for making domestic and decorative articles of celluloid, replacing more expensive natural materials. Manufacture began at Albany in the winter of 1872–3. In 1881 Hyatt and his brother Isiah Smith floated the Hyatt Pure Water Company. By introducing purifying coagulants into flowing water, they avoided the expense and delay of allowing the water to settle in large tanks before filtration. Many towns and paper and woollen mills adopted the new process, and in 1891 it was introduced into Europe. During 1891–2, Hyatt devised a widely used type of roller bearing. Later inventions included a sugar-cane mill, a multistitch sewing machine and a mill for the cold rolling and straightening of steel shafts. It was characteristic of Hyatt's varied inventions that they achieved improved results at less expense.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Society of Chemical Industry Perkin Medal 1914.
    Bibliography
    12 July 1870, US patent no. 105,338 (celluloid).
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1920, Chem. Metal. Eng. (19 May).
    J. Soc. Chem. Ind. for 16 March 1914 and J. Ind. Eng. Chem. for March 1914 carried accounts of Hyatt's achievements, on the occasion of his award of the Perkin Medal of the Society of Chemical Industry in that year.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Hyatt, John Wesley

  • 18 Gestetner, David

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. March 1854 Csorna, Hungary
    d. 8 March 1939 Nice, France
    [br]
    Hungarian/British pioneer of stencil duplicating.
    [br]
    For the first twenty-five years of his life, Gestetner was a rolling stone and accordingly gathered no moss. Leaving school in 1867, he began working for an uncle in Sopron, making sausages. Four years later he apprenticed himself to another uncle, a stockbroker, in Vienna. The financial crisis of 1873 prompted a move to a restaurant, also in the family, but tiring of a menial existence, he emigrated to the USA, travelling steerage. He began to earn a living by selling Japanese kites: these were made of strong Japanese paper coated with lacquer, and he noted their long fibres and great strength, an observation that was later to prove useful when he was searching for a suitable medium for stencil duplicating. However, he did not prosper in the USA and he returned to Europe, first to Vienna and finally to London in 1879. He took a job with Fairholme \& Co., stationers in Shoe Lane, off Holborn; at last Gestetner found an outlet for his inventive genius and he began his life's work in developing stencil duplicating. His first patent was in 1879 for an application of the hectograph, an early method of duplicating documents. In 1881, he patented the toothed-wheel pen, or Cyclostyle, which made good ink-passing perforations in the stencil paper, with which he was able to pioneer the first practicable form of stencil duplicating. He then adopted a better stencil tissue of Japanese paper coated with wax, and later an improved form of pen. This assured the success of Gestetner's form of stencil duplicating and it became established practice in offices in the late 1880s. Gestetner began to manufacture the apparatus in premises in Sun Street, at first under the name of Fairholme, since they had defrayed the patent expenses and otherwise supported him financially, in return for which Gestetner assigned them his patent rights. In 1882 he patented the wheel pen in the USA and appointed an agent to sell the equipment there. In 1884 he moved to larger premises, and three years later to still larger premises. The introduction of the typewriter prompted modifications that enabled stencil duplicating to become both the standard means of printing short runs of copy and an essential piece of equipment in offices. Before the First World War, Gestetner's products were being sold around the world; in fact he created one of the first truly international distribution networks. He finally moved to a large factory to the north-east of London: when his company went public in 1929, it had a share capital of nearly £750,000. It was only with the development of electrostatic photocopying and small office offset litho machines that stencil duplicating began to decline in the 1960s. The firm David Gestetner had founded adapted to the new conditions and prospers still, under the direction of his grandson and namesake.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    W.B.Proudfoot, 1972, The Origin of Stencil Duplicating London: Hutchinson (gives a good account of the method and the development of the Gestetner process, together with some details of his life).
    H.V.Culpan, 1951, "The House of Gestetner", in Gestetner 70th Anniversary Celebration Brochure, London: Gestetner.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Gestetner, David

  • 19 Weldon, Walter

    SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology
    [br]
    b. 31 October 1832 Loughborough, England
    d. 20 September 1885 Burstow, Surrey, England
    [br]
    English industrial chemist.
    [br]
    It was intended that Weldon should enter his father's factory in Loughborough, but he decided instead to turn to journalism, which he pursued with varying success in London. His Weldon's Register of Facts and Occurrences in Literature, Science, and Art ran for only four years, from 1860 to 1864, but the fashion magazine Weldon's Journal, which he published with his wife, was more successful. Meanwhile Weldon formed an interest in chemistry, although he had no formal training in that subject. He devoted himself to solving one of the great problems of industrial chemistry at that time. The Leblanc process for the manufacture of soda produced large quantities of hydrochloric acid in gas form. By this time, this by-product was being converted, by oxidation with manganese dioxide, to chlorine, which was much used in the textile and paper industries as a bleaching agent. The manganese ended up as manganese chloride, from which it was difficult to convert back to the oxide, for reuse in treating the hydrochloric acid, and it was an expensive substance. Weldon visited the St Helens district of Lancashire, an important centre for the manufacture of soda, to work on the problem. During the three years from 1866 to 1869, he took out six patents for the regeneration of manganese dioxide by treating the manganese chloride with milk of lime and blowing air through it. The Weldon process was quickly adopted and had a notable economic effect: the price of bleaching powder came down by £6 per ton and production went up fourfold.
    By the time of his death, nearly all chlorine works in the world used Weldon's process. The distinguished French chemist J.B.A.Dumas said of the process, when presenting Weldon with a gold medal, "every sheet of paper and every yard of calico has been cheapened throughout the world". Weldon played an active part in the founding of the Society of Chemical Industry.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1882. President, Society of Chemical Industry 1883–4.
    Further Reading
    T.C.Barker and J.R.Harris, 1954, A Merseyside Town in the Industrial Revolution: St Helens, 1750–1900, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press; reprinted with corrections, 1959, London: Cass.
    S.Miall, 1931, A History of the British Chemical Industry.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Weldon, Walter

  • 20 Robert, Nicolas Louis

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 2 December 1761 Paris, France
    d. 8 August 1828 Dreux, France
    [br]
    French inventor of the papermaking machine.
    [br]
    Robert was born into a prosperous family and received a fair education, after which he became a lawyer's clerk. In 1780, however, he enlisted in the Army and joined the artillery, serving with distinction in the West Indies, where he fought against the English. When dissatisfied with his prospects, Robert returned to Paris and obtained a post as proof-reader to the firm of printers and publishers owned by the Didot family. They were so impressed with his abilities that they promoted him, c. 1790, to "clerk inspector of workmen" at their paper mill at Essonnes, south of Paris, under the control of Didot St Leger.
    It was there that Robert conceived the idea of a continuous papermaking machine. In 1797 he made a model of it and, after further models, he obtained a patent in 1798. The paper was formed on a continuously revolving wire gauze, from which the sheets were lifted off and hung up to dry. Didot was at first scathing, but he came round to encouraging Robert to make a success of the machine. However, they quarrelled over the financial arrangements and Robert left to try setting up his own mill near Rouen. He failed for lack of capital, and in 1800 he returned to Essonnes and sold his patent to Didot for part cash, part proceeds from the operation of the mill. Didot left for England to enlist capital and technical skills to exploit the invention, while Robert was left in charge at Essonnes. It was the Fourdrinier brothers and Bryan Donkin who developed the papermaking machine into a form in which it could succeed. Meanwhile the mill at Essonnes under Robert's direction had begun to falter and declined to the point where it had to be sold. He had never received the full return from the sale of his patent, but he managed to recover his rights in it. This profited him little, for Didot obtained a patent in France for the Fourdrinier machine and had two examples erected in 1814 and the following year, respectively, neatly side-tracking Robert, who was now without funds or position. To support himself and his family, Robert set up a primary school in Dreux and there passed his remaining years. Although it was the Fourdrinier papermaking machine that was generally adopted, it is Robert who deserves credit for the original initiative.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    R.H.Clapperton, 1967, The Papermaking Machine, Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 279–83 (provides a full description of Robert's invention and patent, together with a biography).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Robert, Nicolas Louis

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